Graded Assertiveness
Two approaches to graded assertiveness for raising concerns relevant to patient or scene safety
CUSS Model
- Concern
- “I’m concerned that…”
- Unsure/Uncertain
- “I’m unsure that…”
- Safety
- “It is not safe…”
- Stop
- “Stop what you are doing…”
PACE Model
- Probe
- “Do you know that …?” Or “I don’t understand why…”
- Alert
- “I think that will cause…”
- Challenge
- “Your approach will harm the patient”
- Emergency
- “Stop what you are doing” or “For the safety of the patient we need to….”